I’m working on a writing practice test / quiz and need an explanation to help me study.

1. A term used to measure one’s health that focuses on many aspects (physical, social, spiritual, emotional, intellectual and environmental/occupational) of a person’s life is referred to as:
   1. Health
   2. Wellness
   3. Counseling
   4. Spiritualism

1. “Helping clients understand and cope with the feelings and emotions associated with their health problems” is a definition for:
   1. Health counseling
   2. Health behavior
   3. Health prevention
   4. Motivational interviewing

1. Six dimensions of wellness involve:
   1. Physical
   2. Occupational/vocational
   3. Emotional
   4. Spiritual
   5. All of the above

1. An intensive, psycho-educational, interactive process characterized by a unique relationship between the counselor and client leading to change in the client is referred to as:
   1. Behavior change
   2. Psycho education
   3. Health Counseling
   4. Cognitive behavioral therapy
   5. Motivational interviewing

1. The goal of health counseling is:
   1. To remake people
   2. To help clients understand and manage the emotions associated with their health problems and adhere to their treatment regimens.
   3. Fix problems associated with the client.
   4. Make the client feel happy and relieved.

1. Which one of the following is NOT a characteristic of effective counselors?
   1. Self-knowledge and maturity
   2. Psychological and human understanding of others
   3. Ability to convince others to change their behavior
   4. Understanding of cultural conditioning

1. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of effective counselors?
   1. Tolerance for ambiguity and contradictions
   2. Openness to nontraditional or illogical views and behavior
   3. Strong desire to help people
   4. Holistic framework: respect for spirituality

1. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of effective counselors?
   1. Tolerance for ambiguity and contradictions
   2. Openness to nontraditional or illogical views and behavior
   3. Strong desire to help people
   4. Holistic framework: respect for spirituality

1. Terminating counseling……
   1. Is a gradual process
   2. Occurs suddenly
   3. Is dependent upon the client
   4. Is dependent upon the counselor, only.

1. Ethical dilemmas exist in counseling when:
   1. There is competition between the counselor’s differing ethics over the same issue
   2. There is competition between the counselor’s personal ethics and the organization’s code of ethics
   3. There is competition between the counselor’s ethics and the client’s ethics
   4. All of the above

1. A set of interrelated concepts, definitions, and propositions that presents a systematic view of events or situations by specifying relations among variables in order to explain and predict the events of the situation is called:
   1. Theory
   2. Concept
   3. Model
   4. Approach

1. “The likelihood of health action being influenced by one’s perceived susceptibility to and severity of disease” is associated with:
   1. Health Belief Model
   2. Social Cognitive Theory
   3. Self-efficacy Theory
   4. Transtheoretical Theory
   5. Micro-counseling theory

1. The idea that people behave in certain ways because of their perceptions concerning susceptibility, severity, benefits, and barriers is known as:
   1. Social cognitive theory
   2. Health belief model
   3. Self-efficacy
   4. Transtheoretical theory
   5. Micro-counseling theory

1. “Health behavior is the result of a complex interrelationship between individual belief and attitudes, social influences and norms, family members and friends” is associated with:
   1. Health Belief Model
   2. Social Cognitive Theory
   3. Self-efficacy Theory
   4. Theory of Reasoned Action
   5. Micro-counseling theory

1. “A personal belief in the ability to accomplish a goal” is associated with:
   1. Health Belief Model
   2. Social Cognitive Theory
   3. Self-efficacy Theory
   4. Transtheoretical Theory
   5. Micro-counseling theory

1. “People go through a set of six stages to changing behavior” is associated with:
   1. Health Belief Model
   2. Social Cognitive Theory
   3. Self-efficacy Theory
   4. Transtheoretical Theory
   5. Micro-counseling theory

1. “Behavior is the result of an interaction among the person, the environment, and the behavior itself” is associated with:
   1. Health Belief Model
   2. Social Cognitive Theory
   3. Self-efficacy Theory
   4. Transtheoretical Theory
   5. Micro-counseling theory

1. “Perceived seriousness, susceptibility, perceived benefits of change, and perceived barriers to change” is associated with:
   1. Health Belief Model
   2. Social Cognitive Theory
   3. Self-efficacy Theory
   4. Transtheoretical Theory
   5. Theory of Reasoned Action

1. “No serious thought is being given to behavior change within the next six months due to a lack of awareness” is an example of:
   1. Pre-contemplation stage
   2. Contemplation stage
   3. Preparation stage
   4. Action stage
   5. Maintenance stage

1. Which one of the following theories is closest to Systems Theory where no one thing is independent of another?
   1. Health Belief Model
   2. Social Cognitive Theory
   3. Self-efficacy Theory
   4. Transtheoretical Theory
   5. Theory of Reasoned Action

1. “The client is actively working on change” is an example of:
   1. Pre-contemplation stage
   2. Contemplation stage
   3. Preparation stage
   4. Action stage
   5. Termination stage

1. All the following are skill sets of microcounseling theory except:
   1. Communication skills
   2. Introductory skills
   3. Attending skills
   4. Responding skills
   5. Influencing skills

1. Observing, questioning, encouraging and paraphrasing the client is indicative of which skill?
   1. Attending
   2. Responding
   3. Influencing
   4. Enhancing

1. Which one of the following is NOT a skill considered universal to good counseling?
   1. Attending
   2. Responding
   3. Influencing
   4. Helping

1. Culturally appropriate eye contact, open, approachable body language and soothing vocal tone is indicative of which skill?
   1. Attending
   2. Responding
   3. Influencing
   4. Conversational

1. Culturally appropriate eye contact and approachable body language are:
   1. Attending skills
   2. Responding skills
   3. Influencing skills
   4. Observational skills

1. Confrontation, eliciting and reflecting meaning, self-disclosure and giving feedback are indicative of which skill?
   1. Attending
   2. Responding
   3. Influencing
   4. Enhancing

1. Presenting different versions or alternative perspectives is known as:
   1. Eliciting information
   2. Feedback
   3. Reframing
   4. Confronting

1. Confrontation is:
   1. Attending skill
   2. Responding skill
   3. Influencing skill
   4. Observational skill

1. Sharing similar events or feelings with the client is known as:
   1. Self-disclosure
   2. Confrontation
   3. Feedback
   4. Reflecting meaning

1. Questioning is:
   1. Attending skill
   2. Responding skill
   3. Influencing skill
   4. Observational skill

1. Self-disclosure is:
   1. Attending skill
   2. Responding skill
   3. Influencing skill
   4. Observational skill

1. Eliciting and reflecting meaning are:
   1. Attending skills
   2. Responding skills
   3. Influencing skills
   4. Observational skills

1. Paraphrasing is:
   1. Attending skill
   2. Responding skill
   3. Influencing skill
   4. Verbal skill

1. Giving feedback or directives are:
   1. Attending skills
   2. Responding skills
   3. Influencing skills
   4. Observational skills

1. Establishing a trusting, open relationship so clients feel safe and cared for is an example of:
   1. Attending skills
   2. Responding skills
   3. Influencing skills
   4. Verbal skills

1. “Tell me more about that” is an example of:
   1. Attending skill
   2. Responding skill
   3. Influencing skill
   4. Observational skill

1. Avoiding distracting mannerisms (twirling hair, looking at fingernails) is an example of:
   1. Attending skill
   2. Responding skill
   3. Influencing skill
   4. Observational skill

1. Reading body language is an example of:
   1. Attending skill
   2. Responding skill
   3. Influencing skill
   4. Observational skill

1. Using and dealing with silence is an example of:
   1. Attending skill
   2. Responding skill
   3. Influencing skill
   4. Observational skill

1. Pointing out discrepancies, incongruities, or mixed messages is an example of:
   1. Eliciting meaning
   2. Interpreting
   3. Confronting
   4. Reflecting

1. Self-disclosure by the counselor:
   1. Should be intentional
   2. Improves connection
   3. Must be genuine
   4. Should be kept simple
   5. All the above

1. Differences between a client’s thoughts and actions are referred to as:
   1. Feedback
   2. Discrepancies
   3. Confrontation
   4. Influencing skills

1. Interpretation of a story comes from the:
   1. Client
   2. Counselor
   3. Parent
   4. Teacher
   5. Supervisor

1. Which of the following is FALSE when counseling?
   1. Never assume anything
   2. Ensure confidentiality
   3. Be able to justify any question
   4. Be judgmental
   5. Use appropriate language level

(2) Please answer the questions as precise as possible. 2 points each

1. List and describe the four goals of STD counseling.
2. Describe the four levels of the Pyramid of Risk model.
3. What is “neutral sexual language” (related to sexual orientation), and how does it affect introductory, attending, and responding skills when counseling clients infected with chlamydia?
4. What are the differences between birth control, contraception, and family planning?
5. What are the five objectives associated with the main goal of fertility control counseling?
6. What risks are associated with the birth control pill?
7. Why is asthma such a serious personal and public health problem?
8. List and describe the risk factors for acquiring asthma.
9. How can counselors reframe clients’ asthma stories to help them view conditions more positively?
10. What are the main goals of hypertension counseling?
11. How is high blood pressure similar and different from two other chronic diseases?
12. List and describe the risk factors for hypertension.
13. Describe why counseling is especially challenging when dealing with the disabled child.
14. Compare and contrast the needs of a child with a learning disability with the needs of a child with a physical disability.
15. List three provisions of the Individual with Disabilities Education Act.